自考 英语 模考阅读一

自考英语模考阅读一

《英语阅读一》模拟试题(一)

READING COMPREHENSION

Passage 1

According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-age

college freshmen are “ more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the

poll.

Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “ is to be financially well off. Less important

than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It

follows then that today the most popular course is not

literature or history but accounting.

Interest in teaching, social service and the ―altruistic‖ fields

is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.

That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine( a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job—even before she completed her two-year associate

degree.

While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally tr ue that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions-be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.

Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only

to drive their employer out of business.

No company, no job. How shortsighted in the long run!

But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.

I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom(对讲机): “ Miss Baxter,” he says, “ could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”

From the long-term poin t of view, that’s what education really

ought to be about.

21. According to the author’s observation, college students

A. have never been so materialistic as today

B. have never been so interested in the arts

C. have never been so financially well off as today

D. have never attached so much importance to moral sense

22. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with

A. the influences of their instructors

B. the financial goals they seek in life

C. their own interpretations of the courses

D. their understanding of the contributions of others

23. By sayng “While it’s true that… be they scientific or artistic”( Line 1-3, para. 5). The author means that

A. business management should be included in educational programs

B. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed

C. human intellectual development has reached new heights

D. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked

24. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can

A. create varying artistic interests

B. help people see things in their right perspective

C. help improve connections among people

D. regulate the behavior of modern people

25. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.

B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong

C. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life

D. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.

Passage 2

New technology links the world as never before . Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where

countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And , of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.

Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of

doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.

Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks . the executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He

or she can be

sure that the overseas effort is centr al to the company‘s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or

accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-

cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more

and more prevalent (普遍的)。

Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.

English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can

speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal .

The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast –forward

certain negotiations , and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.

26. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment ?

A. Critical

B. Prejudiced

C. Indifferent

D. Positive.

27. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople

A. have to get familiar with modern technology

B. are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations .

C. are attaching more importance to their overseas business

D. are eager to work overseas

28. In this passage , “Out of sight and out of mind” (Line 2,

Para .3) probably means

A. being unable to think properly for lack of insight

B. being totally out of touch with business at home

C. missing opportunities for promotion when abroad

D. leaving all care and worry behind

29. According to the passage , what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?

A. Connections with businesses overseas.

B. Ability to speak the client’s language

C. Technical know-how

D. Business experience

30. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is

that they can

A. better control the whole negotiation process

B. easily find new approaches to meet market needs

C. fast-forward their proposals to headquarters

D. easily make friends with businesspeople abroad

Passage 3

In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve beco me wealthier and more worldly

wise. Foreign travel is a national passion : this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad . Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American

firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC , McDonald‘s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer

service , using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff . Even the American habit of telling departing customers to ―Have a nice day‖ has caught on all over Israel. ―Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ?Let‘s be nicer,‘‖ says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. ―Nothing happens without competition .‖

Privatization , or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free

to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael P erry, a marketing professor, calls “ the revengeful (报

复的) consumer .” When the government opened up compe tition with Bezaq , the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates . Says Perry ,

―People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.‖ The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived , has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour . The graceless E1 A1 Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has returned its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, ―You can feel the change in the air .‖ For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.

31. It may be inferred from the passage that

A. customer service in Israel is now improving

B. wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please

C. the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel

D. Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones

32. In the author’s view, higher service standards are impossible

in Israel

A. if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management

B. unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers

C. if there’s no competition among companies

D. without strict routine training of employees

33. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure,

A. they can have it fixed in no time

B. it‘s no longer necessary to make an appointment

C. the appointment takes only half a day to make

D. they only have to wait half an hour at most

34. The example of E1 A1 Airlines shows that

A. revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises

B. an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial

difficulty

C. a good slogan has great potential for improving service

D. staff retraining is essential for better service

35. Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose 40% of its market share?

A. Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough

B. Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.

C. Because the service offered by its competitors was far better .

D. Because it no longer received any support from the government.

Passage 4

Gopher Prairic, in which the action of Sinclair Lewis’ Main Street (1920) takes place, is a town of 3,000

inhabitants, smug, dull people whose one idea is to get on

materially . They have no use for anyone who wishes something better for them; they oppose civic reform, cultural and educational projects . The most honored citizens are bankers. Carol, who has been to college and held a position as a librarian, comes to Gopher Prairie to live with her doctor husband. Appalled by the stagnant life of the town, and failing to become adjusted to it , she tries a number of cultural ideas . Her efforts to establish a little theater meet with no encouragement . Indeed, the people merely think she is putting on airs. Her affection

for her hasband wanes, and she takes up with Erik Valborg, in whom she sees a spirit akin to her own. She leaves the little town for Washington D. C. , where she works as a government clerk. Later she returns to Gopher Prairie, better equipped than before to understand the forces which shape Main Street.

At the time of its first appearance, Main Street provoked a storm of protest on the ground that the novelist libeled good Americans. Today , no one thinks of repeating this charge. Indeed, mas Lewis Gannett points

out, Main Steeet has in no way changed except externally: it is the same Main Steet; yet doubtless it reads Sinclair Lewis‘ novels as eagerly as the rest of the nation. At the time when Main Street was published Lewis was accused of hating dull people . The novelist retorted that he did

not hate them. He loved them. The truth is, the world of 1920 could not stand criticism. The Pulitzer Prize Committee refused to award Main

Street a prize . The novelist was to have his revenge six years later, when he rejected the same award for Arrowsmith.

36. Which of the following is the central preoccupation of the

people of Gopher Prairie?

A. Progressive

B. Material possessions

C. Cultural activity

D. Civic reform.

37. According to the passage, why is Carol unhappy in Gopher Prairie?

A. She regrets that her husband is a doctor and not a banker

B. She dislikes being a housewife and wants to live in Washington, D.

C.

C. She cannot find a job as a librarian or a theater director

D. She finds the town residents dull and unreceptive to her ideas

38. According to the passage, why was there such adverse reaction to Main Street in 1920?

A. People were reluctant to admit their faults

B. Sinclair Lewis did not like honorable citizens

C. Gopher Prairie was portrayed inaccurately

D. The main character led an unconventional life.

39. According to Lewis Gannett, how does Main Street today compare

to Main Street of 1920?

A. Its fame has led to a tourist boom.

B. Its people today would take Sinclair Lewis to court.

C. Its external appearance has altered

D. Its residents today are quite different

40. According to the passage, which of the following statements best explains why Sinclair Lewis rejected the Pulitzer Prize for Arrowsmith.

A. He thought Arrowsmith was not worthy of the honor

B. He disapproved of the composition of the Pulitzer Prize Committee.

C. He claimed that the Pulitzer had no status

D. He felt the committee had unjustly overlooked his previous work.

SKIMMING AND SCANNING

Passage 1

From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It

increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading. Our

contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.

With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings.

When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement.

One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart‘s desire. Through books we may get the

thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may

visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.

41. In the first paragraph, we are told that

A. we should always read good books, not bad ones

B. happiness can be derived only from reading

C. enjoyment and satisfaction can be achieved by reading good books.

D. Reading good books is very important in human life.

42. Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?

A. No one has come to disturb you

B. Everything is so quiet and calm around you

C. The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive

D. Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.

43. Which of the following is true?

A. Your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of the books.

B. To escape from the dull realities of everyday life you should

take up reading.

C. Books can always help you to live a colourful life.

D. You may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.

44. “… the whole world is ours for the asking” implies t hat

A. in books the world is more accessible to us

B. we can ask to go anywhere in this world

C. we can make a claim to everything in this world

D. we can make a round-the-world trip free of charge

Passage 2

The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will

continue to stand for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different

in shaped from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the

―Step‖ pyramid and the ―Bent‖ pyramid.

Some of the pyramids still look much as they must have done when

they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever.

It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of

the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately

been preserved. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.

One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful

planning before they could begin to build. The first thing they had to

do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could

not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and

certain problems had to be overcome.

The step pyramid had to be on the west side of the Nile; the side on which the sun set. This was for religious reasons. It also had to stand well above the level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not be too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. The builders also had to find a rock base which was not likely to crack under the great weight of the pyramid. Finally, it had to be near the capital, or better still, n ear the king‘s palace so that he could visit it easily and personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body.

45. We can guess how the pyramids were built because archaeologists have

A. studied them and the tools used to build them.

B. found the plans of some of them.

C. found paintings showing each stage of construction

D. found descriptions of how some were built.

46. Why did the Egyptians build the pyramids along the banks of the Nile?

A. This must have been for religious reasons.

B. It was difficult to find large rock bases far from the river.

C. Pyramids had to be built on the Westside of the Nile.

D. The river helped a lot in the transportation of building

materials.

47. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Kings regularly visited their pyramids to check on their progress.

B. All pyramids were built in close proximity.

C. The pyramids were built on bases of rock.

D. Boats were used to transport stones.

Passage 3

When Christian Barnard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in 1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate

on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die(or be dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of

survival of the donor were somewhat diminished because he now had only one kidney and if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve. Nevertheless the donor would certainly not necessarily die.

Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: “ If a person had a different heart, would

he still be the same person?‖ or ―If doctors needed a dying

person‘s heart. Would they tend to declare him dead prematurely?‖ and so on.

Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher or proportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand for transplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.

However, as a result of the heavy demand for organs, a new moral dilemma has emerged. For example, in the United States there are many people who would survive if lungs were available for transplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donor is found. In these circumstances who would decide if a donor were found whose lungs were equally suitable for two potential recipients?

The problem is made worse by the fact that many patients, or their families, become desperate to find a donor. Some succeed in publicizing their situation in newspapers, to politicians or on television. Sometimes, as a result, suitable donors are found. But what would happen if another patient needed the organ more than the one who got the publicity? Who would decide if the other patient should get the organ? Would it be the doctors? Or the donor? Or the family who got the publicity? If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve and it would be a matter of life or death to the patients involved.

48. Which of the following is true?

A. Kidney transplant operations were not common until 1967.

B. Kidneys for transplant operations had to come from dead people in 1967.

C. Kidney transplant operations were performed before heart

transplant operations.

D. Heart transplant operations were as common as kidney transplant operations.

49. Improved medical techniques have resulted in

A. more people seeking organ transplants

B. more chances of survival of the donor

C. even greater debate over whether or not to have organ transplants

D. a new moral dilemma

50. How do you think the dilemma will develop?

A. The dilemma will remain unresolved

B. The public(through the media) will demand a fair resolution

C. Those who are more desperate to find a donor will always be successful

D. The doctors will have the final say.

《英语阅读一》模拟试题(二)

READING COMPREHENSION

Passage 1

On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in

school , eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet . Involvement in sports, in particular , rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports ; girls log half that time . All in all , however , children‘s leisure time dropped from 40% of the

day in 1981 to 25%.

“Children are affected by the same time crunch that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed

the recent study of children’s timetable . A chief reason, she

says , is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless , children in both double-income and ―male breadwinner‖ households spent comparable

amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22

hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers. )

All work and no play could make for some very messe d-up kids .

“ Play is the most powerful way a child

explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School.

Unstrctured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.

The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that ,

believe it or not , was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of

the TV set, however, kids aren‘t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week r eading . Let‘s face it, who‘s got the time ?

21. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means

A. Children have little time to play with their parents

B. Children are not taken good care of by their working parents

C. Both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time

D. Both parents and children have trouble managing their time

自考英语阅读一 10.THE NECKLACE

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自考 英语 模考阅读一

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